What Causes TMJ

The temporomandibular joint, known as TMJ, includes the muscles, ligaments, and jaw bone. These joints are located on each side of the head and are responsible for speaking, chewing, and swallowing. This multifaceted system depends on sufficient cushioning of the disk that is located amid the ball and socket of the joint. Any injury or disease that interrupts this system from working properly is classified as a disorder.

Possible causes

The causes for this disorder are numerous but typically fall under two categories: disease and injury. Frequently, there are multiple factors involved, and a dental professional may not be able to identify one specific source.

Disease

Some common diseases that cause degeneration of the joint are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Connective tissue diseases may also contribute to problems with the TMJ. These diseases may erode the disk, move the joint out of place, or damage the cartilage. If a patient has any of these diseases, the risk for developing the disorder increases.

Injury

There are times when blunt force to the jaw causes injury to the joint. Risky sports, such as football or gymnastics, increase the possibility of injury. Damage to the joint can also come from bruxism and improper alignment of the teeth and jaw. These two conditions create chronic stress on the temporomandibular joint.

Symptoms and treatment

A patient should schedule a consultation for a proper diagnosis. The dentist will perform an examination to check the joints and muscles. While there are a variety of causes for TMJ, the signs are typically similar among patients. Depending on the type and severity of the indications, treatment will vary for each person.

Symptoms

The temporomandibular joint moves fluidly and silently when a person talks, chews, or swallows. If the joint has been damaged or is suffering from disease, chronic pain may develop in the joint area. Additional symptoms consist of headaches, clicking or popping sounds, earaches, and neck soreness and stiffness. Locking of the jaw may also occur. If a patient has been experiencing long-lasting pain, a visit to a dental professional should be scheduled. Chronic pain is less common with the disorder, but it is more serious than acute pain.

If a person has a singular instance of trauma to the jaw, sudden pain may develop. It is not uncommon for patients to have some pain or discomfort of the jaw after a long dental procedure. Fortunately, over-the-counter pain medicine and resting the jaw generally relieve acute pain.

Treatment

There is a lack of research available regarding treatment, and a dentist will likely recommend starting with the most conservative option. Dentists typically advise patients to refrain from gum chewing, eliminate foods that are hard or difficult to chew, use heat on the area to treat pain, and ease tension in the jaw with activities that promote relaxation. More involved treatment includes exercises for the jaw, medications, and wearing a guard at night or using a bite plate. If a patient has an uneven bite, orthodontic treatment may also be recommended.