Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder that results in an involuntary disruption of breathing during the sleep cycle. This condition most often occurs when the upper airway becomes blocked while sleeping, which causes a reduction or cessation of airflow. It may also happen if the brain does not send the proper signals needed to breathe. Patients with the condition often find themselves consistently fatigued during the day and have trouble focusing due to sleep deprivation.
Patients with apnea often stop and start breathing repeatedly while asleep. When airflow is interrupted and oxygen levels in the blood drop, the brain senses the inability to breathe and rouses the person awake so the airway opens again. They may choke, gasp, or snort during these episodes, which can happen multiple times per hour. However, most patients are unaware of this occurring.
There are many risk factors associated with sleep apnea. These are three of the most common causes that have been linked with the disorder.
Obesity can result in the development of sleep apnea. Excess weight may lead to an increase of fat deposits in the neck. These deposits have a tendency to lead to upper airway blockages and breathing obstructions. Overweight patients with the condition who lose weight tend to either have a decrease in the severity of their apnea or eliminate the condition completely.
Patients who are middle-aged or older have an enhanced risk of apnea. The risk continues to increase as the patient ages. However, the severity of the disorder may decrease and is not associated with more serious complications.
Certain health conditions have been linked to sleep apnea. Some of the most common medical issues include type 2 diabetes, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and asthma. Prior strokes may also increase the risk of apnea.
There are multiple treatments available for patients who have sleep apnea. The most common option is a CPAP device, a machine that provides a constant stream of air pressure to ensure the airways stay open and clear while sleeping. Other airway pressure devices as well as oral appliances can be used to treat the disorder. If these do not work, there are numerous surgical options available as well. Patients should make sure that any medical issues, such as diabetes and high blood pressure, are properly managed; keeping these conditions under control can help with the severity of apnea.
It is important to receive treatment as soon as possible to avoid potential complications. Patients with untreated apnea are at an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, hypertension, heart disease, and metabolic syndrome.
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Sleep apnea is a serious sleep disorder that can develop in patients who are older or overweight, or have certain medical conditions. It is important for those with apnea to receive proper treatment for the condition to avoid complications and to ensure a more restful sleep.
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